DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY

A company with indirect distribution, partners with 3rd parties to sell and fulfill a company’s value proposition. These 3rd parties can be retailers, value-added resellers (VARs), partners, franchisees, distributors, and brokers. For many industries, such as the beverage industry (Coke, Pepsi), the norm is to leverage indirect distribution, in the form of distributors, supermarkets, convenience stores, vending machines, and restaurants. Even in a predominately indirect distribution industry, such as beverages, there are always players looking to take out middlemen, such as Trader Joe's, an entire grocery retailer that only sells its own brands.

Companies often utilize indirect distribution to focus on their core competencies, while gaining access to customers by leveraging channel partners. A company with indirect distribution gives up margin to channel partners but saves on the costs and capital necessary to go direct. For a company leveraging indirect distribution, the key to growing sales is to drive better value and economics for channel partners than the competition. For retailers, it is driving superior gross margin dollars per square foot. For VARs, it is total sales and margin versus the cost of sales.

If your company primarily leverages indirect distribution, deeply understand players that are going direct, because they are most likely changing the industry dynamics through better economics and more consistent and elevated customer experiences.

Many companies have a hybrid distribution model, utilizing both 3rd party and direct channels to sell and fulfill their value proposition. With hybrid distribution, companies get the broad distribution of indirect channels, while owning the customer experience and expanding margin through their direct channels.

Nike is a great example of a hybrid distribution model. Nike sells in tens of thousands of 3rd party stores and retailers across the world. Yet, in 2017, direct channels, including Nike.com, and more than 1000 flagship and outlet stores accounted for 28% of Nike's total sales versus 10% in 2010. And, Nike is differentiating their direct channels with personalized Nike ID shoes, exclusive styles, and the broadest selection. Not only are they owning the customer experience, relationship, and data through direct channels, but they

Nike has a hybrid distribution model. Nike sells in tens of thousands of 3rd party stores and retailers across the world. Nike also has direct channels, including Nike.com, and more than 1000 flagship and outlet stores accounted for 28% of Nike's total sales in 2017 versus 10% in 2010. Nike is differentiating their direct channels with personalized Nike ID shoes, exclusive styles, and the broadest selection. Nike is heavily investing in their direct channels because they own the customer experience and make 2-3X in gross margin on each pair of shoes they sell directly versus indirectly. Nike sells a pair of shoes that cost $20 to the manufacturer to a retailer for $40, and the retailer marks it up to $80 to the customer. In this example, Nike would make $20 on the shoes, but if they sell them on Nike.com for $80, then they would make $60 in margin on the shoes. This margin expansion is a big reason why more companies are going direct.

The one longer-term potential disadvantage of a hybrid model is that a direct distribution model could come in and structurally undercut the pricing of the industry.

In 2012, Dollar Shave Club took the world by storm through distribution innovation. Michael Dubin, the founder of Dollar Shave Club, identified the age-old problem that, "razors are really expensive in the store. It's a frustrating experience to go and buy them. You have to drive there. You have to park your car. You have to find the razor fortress. It's always locked. You have to find the guy with the key. He's always doing something else that he doesn't want to be helpful."

At the time, the razor market was on the plateau of its adoption curve, and was a typical mature market two-company race, with Gillette owning 80% of the market and Schick a distant second. In 2012, a Gillette Fusion ProGlide blade would have set you back a cool $4. So, when Dollar Shave Club, comes out of nowhere with the coolest bootstrapped $4,500 viral ad to ever hit Youtube, promising "F**cking Great" blades for $1 a month, customers loved the value proposition. Within two days of the viral video, Michael's team racked up 12,000 orders and ran out of supply.

At the heart of Dollar Shave Club's value proposition is the cost savings that are passed on to the customer from disintermediating traditional shaving industry distribution of retail stores. Then add on the cost savings of bypassing traditional marketing for cost-effective viral marketing, and you can start to understand the $1 a month for blades value proposition.

The value proposition and go-to-market were so strong that Dollar Shave Club grew to $65 million in revenue in two years, and in five years had 8% of the market and $240 million in revenue. In 2016, Unilever bought Dollar Shave Club for $1 billion.

Distribution is a critical growth element of any business model. Whether you rely on direct, indirect or hybrid distribution, it is important to develop a strong distribution strategy to focus the execution of the teams.

If you would like to talk to an expert about your distribution strategy, set up some time with Joe Newsum, a McKinsey Alum with significant experience with distribution strategy.

To get you started on creating a killer distribution strategy, download the free PowerPoint Distribution Strategy Worksheets & Templates, which includes:

1. Distribution Partner Growth Plan
2. Distribution Partner Assessment Matrix
3. Distribution Growth Strategy One-Pager